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Fixed odds sports betting pdf to jpg value investing google
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With over 10 years experience, we are definitely the ultimate choice you can rely on for long-term winnings on sport betting. If you choose to cooperate with us your profit is guaranteed. But the term properly applies to persons or businesses that provide an odds market for one or more events, with prices available for all possible event outcomes, adjusted according to the demand of the bookmaker's customers, the punters. The size of this expected profit margin is sometimes referred to as the bookmaker's overround, a concept developed further in Chapter 3.
The standardisation of the bookmaker's profit margin according to mathematical principles effectively professionalised the betting industry. Decimalised currency, of course, has only been in use in the UK since Even in the last 30 years, fractional odds have remained very popular in Britain, and today one will still see them used in the windows of high street bookmakers to lure potential customers.
Knowing the fractional odds allows one to determine how much one must risk in order to achieve a specified reward. Fractional odds simply describe the potential profit that can be won from a unit stake. If the stake is higher than the potential profit, the betting price is said to be odds-on; if lower, then it is termed odds-against.
Where the stake is the same as any potential gain, the odds are known as evens, since there should be roughly an even chance of winning and losing if the odds are fair. In Europe, and increasingly in Britain since the growth of online sports betting, decimal odds are being used instead of fractions.
These three pairs of odds may look quite different and yet are equivalent in terms of the size of stake and potential profit. Whereas fractional odds show just the winnable profit for a certain stake, decimal odds describe the total return, including both stake and profit, if the bet wins.
For all decimal odds, a unit stake is assumed. Consequently, odds of 2. Decimal odds less than 2 will be odds-on, whilst prices greater than 2 will be oddsagainst. It is fairly straightforward to convert from fractional odds into decimal odds, because the size of the fractional odds represents the potential profit from a winning bet.
Converting from decimal odds back into fractional notation is a little more problematic. Sometimes the decimal odds quoted do not fit neatly into fractions. Although 2. The simplest way to think of 2. There are advantages to using either presentation of odds. On the one hand, fractional odds help one to visualise the stake and potential profit with simple integer numbers.
On the other hand, decimal odds allow for a much greater range of potential prices, since there are only so many manageable fractions available. Many bookmakers who now quote decimal odds, however, reveal the legacy of fractional odds usage by also constraining the number of betting prices available.
Most often, this will be to the advantage of the bookmaker. Perhaps the most significant benefit of decimal odds over their fractional counterparts, however, comes from their obvious suitability to computer analysis for the development of sports prediction and betting systems.
The history of fixed odds dates back to the 19th century and the origins of football gambling. During the s, newspapers started offering fixed prizes for correctly predicting the outcome of games. This is an expensive process and cannot be repeated if mistakes are made or if the bookmaker needs to alter a price in response to customer demand.
Consequently, once the list goes to print, the betting odds become fixed. An Internet bookmaker has more flexibility in this respect, and can change a price to manage his projected liability. Nevertheless, with the exception of the most popular football leagues like the English Premiership, betting odds for the majority of matches remain unchanged up until kick-off. Prices for other fixed odds football betting, including correct score, double result and total goals rarely change at all.
Spread Betting versus Fixed Odds This book is about fixed odds, but there is another field to sports gambling in the form of spread betting, and it is worth devoting a little time to compare and contrast the two forms. Sports spread betting has its origins in the financial markets. Indeed, the majority of spread betting today continues to focus on price movements of company stocks and market indices. Sport lends itself equally well to spread betting.
Unlike in fixed odds 5 where you generally either lose your whole stake or win your fixed profit, the amount you win or lose from a spread bet depends on how right or wrong you are. For example, a spread betting firm may predict that Manchester United will finish the season with 82 points.
You must then decide whether the actual total will be higher or lower. If Manchester United finish with more, you will make a loss; if with fewer, a profit. If they finish with 82 points exactly, you will neither gain nor lose. Spread betting firms will aim to balance their books by having roughly the same number of buyers and sellers for each market that they offer.
If a particular event is attracting more buyers than sellers, the firm will simply raise the value of their prediction to attract more sellers into the market. With the exception of the Internet bookmakers, such price adjustment is 5 6 Returned stakes with no profit or loss are possible with Asian handicap betting.
Furthermore, since price changes are easily accommodated, one can continue to both spread bet throughout a 7 sporting event and even choose to close a position before the finish. Test match cricket, for example, which lasts up to 5 days, is particularly suited to spread betting of this nature, with markets available on the number of runs either side may score, or the total number of runs in a game. Of course the spread betting firms also want to make a profit.
If Manchester United finished on 82 points, both buyers and sellers who maintained their position until the end of the season would actually lose. There are three basic categories into which spread bets fall: total number bets; supremacy and match bets; and performance index bets. These are decided by the totals of certain numbers in sporting events from which winners are declared, for example goals in football, runs in cricket, points in rugby or shots in golf.
Where a total points spread is offered for all teams in the league, this is known as the index. Individual football games, with relatively few goals scored per game in comparison to runs hit in a cricket match, are not as well suited to total number spread betting.
More usually, supremacy spreads are available, where the spread betting firm offers a price for the number of goals one team will beat another by. Prices are usually quoted to 1 decimal place because of the low scoring in most games, with a typical spread of 0. The spread for an England v Scotland game might be 0. If the game finishes , buying 1. In-running odds, however, are only available with a few Internet bookmakers and for only a selected number of televised sporting events, most usually football and tennis.
A different number of points are awarded to the winner, runner-up, third place and so on. A performance index may also be used for special markets like bookings in a football game, with 10 points awarded for a yellow card and 25 for a red card, or the performance of a particular player during a Test match, with points awarded for wickets taken, catches made and runs scored. This is because it is the exact result that determines the make-up of the bet, so one will always maintain an interest in the game.
Unfortunately, this is what makes spread betting a far more risky and addictive form of gambling. Additionally, because of its origins in the financial markets, spread betting has tended to attract the more sophisticated type of gambler who is better equipped and more prepared to risk larger sums of money. With a fixed odd bet, the stake is all that can be lost.
A spread bet, however, can win or lose many times more than the unit stake agreed. Fixed Odds Betting Markets There are many types of fixed odds betting markets available and most are suited to the full range of sports that fixed odds betting attracts. The most popular and common market is match betting, and the earlier discussion on fixed odds was largely made with reference to this type of wager.
In standard match bets between two teams or players, winning odds are available for both, and the wager will either win or lose depending on the outcome of the event. Football fixed odds match betting is sometimes 18 known as 1X2 betting.
If the backed team wins or draws, the bet wins; if the team loses, so does the bet. With double chance bets there is no possibility for the draw. Head-to-head betting is similar to match betting, where one backs one team or player. Sometimes, however, and unlike in 1X2 match betting, if a match is tied, half the face value of the wager will be paid or a third if there is a three-way tie , as according to dead heat rules in horse racing. Head-to-head betting is quite common in golf, where such markets are available over 18 holes 1 round or 72 holes all 4 rounds.
For hole betting, they are commonly known as 2-ball or 3-ball bets, depending on the number of players going head-to-head in the bet. Rather confusingly, bookmakers tend to call hole bets match bets. By introducing a decimal, this removes the possibility of a draw, leaving only two possible outcomes.
Some bookmakers like to introduce an extra outcome to the book. William Hill online, for example, offer 3 outcomes: fewer than 2 goals; exactly 2 goals; and more than 2 goals. Other bookmakers introduce even more, although this is with a view to increasing their profit margin on the book. Correct score betting is popular only with football, where the total number of typical scores is limited. This type of market is not used for the majority of other sports, which have much higher points totals.
The chances of correctly predicting the exact score in a cricket match are, of course, very slim. The odds are dependent on the actual match odds between the two teams. Bolton are perceived as having a much smaller chance of winning than Arsenal, and therefore their odds to win , or indeed by any score, are greater. Very often, correct score books are offered together with the first goal scorer in a game. Some sports are played with two halves, most obviously football, but also rugby as well.
For football matches this means a total of 9 betting possibilities is commonly available. This is a popular alternative to simply backing an outright result, which may often be at unattractively short odds. Obviously the risk is greater since there are more possible outcomes 9 as compared to 3 with standard match betting , but consequently the odds are better.
The highest odds are obviously available for the home team to be winning at half-time and the away team to win after 90 minutes. In sporting contests with large fields or competitors, even the shorterpriced competitors may have quite high odds. To increase the chances of a punter winning something from this bet, it may be offered each way. Each way bets are actually two bets, one for the win and one for a high placing, and are settled as two bets.
The place part is calculated at a fraction of the win odds. This fraction will vary by sport and event, and will always be displayed where each way betting is available. For most golf tournaments, the place part is usually settled at one quarter of the full win odds, for st nd rd th th places 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and sometimes 5. By contrast, in a football tournament, where there are fewer participants, the each way part may be st nd settled at half odds for 1 and 2 place only.
For some sporting contests, there may be an overwhelming favourite, with virtually no possibility of losing. The All Blacks rugby union team would be expected to defeat Holland every time they met, and you would be lucky to 20 find odds of even 1. By introducing a points handicap, this increases the chances of being able to win the bet by backing Holland. The idea, as with most handicaps, is to give both sides a reasonably even chance of winning by giving the underdog a start.
Here, Holland, the outsider, are awarded a head start of 74 points, whilst the All Blacks, the favourites, concede a handicap of points. If the margin of victory is same as the quoted handicap, all bets on the selected team will lose. There is no possibility for a betting tie or stake refund in standard handicap betting. The magnitude of the handicap, negative for one side and positive for the other, need not necessarily be the same for both sides.
Where it is the same, this is sometimes called a line bet, particularly in American sports. For most fixed odds betting, there is no such thing as a betting tie, with the exception of dead heats in head-to-head betting. To some, this scenario may seem a little too risky. Bets either win or lose — there is no half-way house. Asian handicap betting introduces a number of other scenarios into the betting outcome, where stakes are either returned with no profit or the bet is settled as a split stakes bet, with half winning and half losing.
At the same time, it eliminates the possibility of a draw in a football match. Asian handicaps are, as the name suggests, a special type of handicap betting popular in the Far East and commonly used in football betting. As for standard handicap betting, the underdog will be awarded a head start of a handicap, and the favourite will concede a handicap of the same magnitude. For the purposes of bet settlement, the predetermined number 21 of the handicap will be added to the real number of goals.
Where no handicap is awarded handicap , a drawn game will result in a tied bet and returned stakes. If either side win, bets backing that team will win, whilst bets backing the other will lose. Similar rules apply for 1 goal and 2 goal Asian handicaps, as summarised in Table 2. The bets are settled as if the punter has backed the away team with the specified handicap.
Special bets include odds on the number of corners and bookings a televised match will have, odds for team performance, or the time of first and last goal scorer. These bets have their origins in the spread markets, and it is only through the availability of online gambling that fixed odds bookmakers have been able to break into this market.
All the fixed odds betting markets discussed above are short-term markets, that is, the odds are set only a few days at most in advance of the sporting events. In the case of in-running markets, Internet bookmakers may change match odds during the course of a game usually live football every 10 minutes.
It is possible, however, to place bets on sporting contests weeks, months and sometimes years in advance. Ante post sports bets might include a bet on the next winner of the World Cup, the Premiership champions, the Ashes Series, World snooker champion and so on. Taking a price months in advance can pay dividends, if during the intervening period it becomes clear that the player or team one backed is increasingly favoured to win.
The opposite of course is equally possible, and serious ante post bettors will usually have a deep understanding of their market to reduce the chances of the odds moving against them. The main downside to ante post betting is the return period of any potential win. Having to wait months or even years to collect on relatively fewer bets, at generally higher stakes or higher odds than for most match or handicap bets, can seem unappealing.
Different Types of Fixed Odds Bets Knowing the various fixed odds markets is one thing, but what sort of bet can one actually place? There are all sorts of fixed odds wagers available, although not all of them are suitable or indeed available for every betting market. With a single bet on a sports event, only one outcome is backed, and the bet can generally either win or lose, although in Asian handicap, there are other possibilities.
Singles odds are today generally available for almost any sporting contest one can think of, from home wins, draws and away wins in football matches bets, to ante post wagers on the next Olympic downhill skiing champion. This has not always been the case. Prior to the growth in online gambling, punters were restricted to betting at their local high street bookmaker. Whilst the fixed odds football coupons printed every week for forthcoming weekend games had every match 1X2 bet available, one was only allowed to bet a minimum of 3 selections as a treble.
A treble is one bet involving 3 selections in different events. All must be successful to achieve a return. If any of the selections were home wins, the minimum bet was a fivefold accumulator one bet involving five selections in different games. The only occasion, in football at least, when a single bet was allowed was if the game was televised, an FA Cup match 8 or an international.
Several theories have been proposed as to the reasoning behind this. The plain fact is, however, that the bookmaker's expected profit margin grows with an increase in the number of selections included in a bet. Whilst the potential return from a fivefold accumulator looks much more attractive than from a single, the chances of securing a return are disproportionately smaller for all but a handful of punters.
Multiple bets, as we have seen, involve more than one selection. With the new age of online sports betting, doubles, in addition to singles, have become popular wagers for football match betting. A double is one bet involving two selections in different events, both of which must be successful for the bet to win. The odds for a double are calculated by multiplying together the separate odds for the two single bets.
This is obviously easier to do using decimal notation. Initially, it is not exactly obvious what the odds for the double should be. Instead, it is easier to convert to decimal notation, and use a calculator or computer to determine double odds. The odds for the double are then 4. Despite the relaxation of betting rules, with most Internet bookmakers now allowing singles for the majority of football matches and other sporting events, multiple bets remain fairly popular with the punters.
Some may not be aware of the mathematics working against them with these bets; others may be but remain impulsively attracted to the lure of the bigger returns. Sometimes the only limit to the number of selections included within a multiple bet is the bookmaker's maximum allowable payout on one bet. Stories abound of winning bets containing 15, 18, or even 20 selections in an accumulator.
A few may be true, although many may be put out by the betting industry in an effort to maintain the punters' interest in the multiple bet, a policy clearly advantageous to the bookmakers. There is a way to find 7 bets from only 3 selections, making use of what have incorrectly become known as permutations or "perms". Secondly, there is one treble available at odds of However, there are also 3 doubles available too, by "perming" any 2 games from the 3 selections. Such a series of bets is commonly known as a "Patent", or a "Trixie" if the singles are left out leaving only 4 bets.
Since 1. Whether Bolton or Liverpool is selected first on the betting slip will not affect the outcome of the bet. The greater the number of selections to choose from, the greater the number of combinations available. Combinations are not, of course, restricted to doubles. If we wish to choose from 4 matches, there are 6 combinations of doubles and 4 combinations of trebles available, in addition to 1 fourfold and 4 singles.
Taking the doubles, trebles and the fourfold together as a series of 11 bets is commonly know as a "Yankee", whilst including the singles as well in a bet series is a "Flag". There is really no limit to the number of combinations of bets we can choose, apart from the bookmaker's rules and regulations.
A "Canadian" is a series of 26 bets involving 5 selections in different events, consisting of 10 doubles, 10 trebles, 5 fourfolds plus 1 fivefold. For those who want to link up six selections in 1 six-timer, 6 five-timers, 15 four-timers, 20 trebles and 15 doubles — adding up to 57 bets — they can choose a "Heinz", after the number of Heinz food varieties. A "Goliath" is usually considered to be the ultimate in multiple bets although there is no reason why it need be , with seven selections linked up in 1 seven-timer, 7 six-timers, 21 fivetimers, 35 four-timers, 35 trebles and 21 doubles making bets in total.
For any combination-type bet, a minimum of 2 selections will need to win for the punter to gain a profitable return, although frequently with the larger combination bets, more winners will be required. Whether they perform better or worse than taking the selections merely as singles alone will be explored in more detail in Chapter 6.
Any of the bets may be taken each way, effectively doubling the number of bets in the permutation. Unless a punter is familiar with the types of bets described above, he may sometimes want to know how many ways "r" teams can be permed from "n" selections. For example, how many ways can 3 teams be combined to form trebles from 6 selections? The simplest method uses a calculator with n an Cr button, where "n" is the total number of selections, i. C is simply shorthand for "Combination".
Entering these figures into the calculator returns a result of
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